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4.5 Extending P Non-Classically

     
Minimal
Non-Classical
Identity
The minimal non-classical system P- is obtained by adding P10' to the postulates of P.
P10' ¬for allxfor somey(y ex X)
(Not every haecceity is exemplified.)

Theorems of P- include:

T42' ¬for allx(x = x)
  (Not every particular is self-identical.)
T43'# ¬for allxy(for allz(x emb Zequivalenty emb Z)if-thenx = y)
  (Not all indiscernible particulars are identical.)
T44' ¬for allxfor somey(x = y)
(Not every particular is classical.)
T46' ¬for allxyfor somewz(x.Y = w.Z)
(Not every complex is classical.)
 
Strongly
Non-Classical
Identity
The strongly non-classical system P-- is obtained by adding P10'* to the postulates of P.
P10'* ¬for somexfor somey(y ex X)
(No haecceity is exemplified.)

Theorems of P-- include:

T48' ¬for somex(x = x)
(No particular is self-identical.)
T29' ¬for somexy(x.Y = x.Y)
(No complex is self-identical.)
T49' ¬for somexy(x = y)
(There are no classical particulars.)
T45' ¬for somexywz(x.Y = w.Z)

(There are no classical complexes.)
 
Weakly
Non-Classical
Identity
The weakly non-classical system P-+ is obtained by adding P10'*' to the postulates of P-.
P10'*' for somexfor somey(y ex X)
(Some haecceity is exemplified.)

Theorems of P-+ include:

T48 for somex(x = x)
(Some particular is self-identical.)
T29 for somexy(x.Y = x.Y)
(Some complex is self-identical.)
T49 for somexy(x = y)
(Some particular is classical.)
T45 for somexywz(x.Y = w.Z)

(Some complex is classical.)23
 

Tableau of Theorems

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